The Latins, native of central Italy, formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures, who immigrated to the peninsula throughout history. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy covers an area of 301,230 km 2 (116,310 sq mi), with a population of about 60 million. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, it consists of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy ( Italian: Italia ( listen)), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. To call Campione d'Italia, it is necessary to use the Swiss code +41. The euro is accepted in Campione d'Italia but its official currency is the Swiss franc.
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